3.1 Introduction
3.2 Classification of Costs
3.3 Definitions
3.4 Fixed Costs
3.5 Operating Costs
3.6 Labor Costs
3.7 Variable Effort Cycles
3.8 Animal Rates
3.9 Examples
- For example, but today fuel suppliers use different methods to calculate the indicative methane number. Cruise lines taking on bunkers where the methane number is too low would risk. Units (ECU), which in conjunction with in-house software development enable customer operation profile. Download Selection Guide.
- Sep 06, 2018 Cat Methane Number. The most popular versions of this product among our users are: 6.0, 6.2 and 6.3. The name of the program executable file is.
- The methane number of a fuel is determined by using the Caterpillar methane number. (reference the Caterpillar Methane Program) establish air system limitations. See notes 27 and 28 for application of this factor in calculating the heat.
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Classification of Costs
Figure 3.1 Equipment Cost Model.
3.3 Definitions
Methane Number Definition
3.4 Fixed Costs
D = (P' - S)/N
ZONE A | ZONE B | ZONE C | |
TRACK-TYPE TRACTORS | Pulling scrapers, most agricultural drawbar, stockpile, coalpile and landfill work. No impact. Intermittent full throttle operation. | Production dozing in clays, sands, gravels. Pushloading scrapers, borrow pit ripping, most landclearing and skidding applications. Medium impact conditions. | Heavy rock ripping. Tandem ripping. Pushloading and dozing in hard rock. Work on rock surfaces. Continuous high impact conditions. |
Small | 12,000 Hr | 10,000 Hr | 8,000 Hr |
Large | 22,000 Hr I have included them on this website for the benefit of other calculus teachers who may be using the same textbook. This is an extensive list of formulas that my classes used in AB Calculus, BC Calculus and Calculus III. Calculus graphical numerical algebraic 4th edition pdf download pdf. The formulas were learned as we needed them, so students did not need to memorize them at the start of the year! | 18,000 Hr | 15,000 Hr |
MOTORGRADERS | Light road maintenance. Finishing. Plant and road mix work. Light snowplowing. Large amounts of traveling. | Haul road maintenance. Road construction, ditching. Loose fill spreading. Landforming, land-leveling. Summer road maintenance with medium to heavy winter snow removal. Elevating grader use. | Maintenance of hard pack roads with embedded rock. Heavy fill spreading. Ripping-scarifying of asphalt or concrete. Continuous high load factor. High impact. |
20,000 Hr | 15,000 Hr | 12,000 Hr | |
EXCAVATORS | Shallow depth utility construction where excavator sets pipe and digs only 3 or 4 hours/shift. Free flowing, low density material and little or no impact. Most scrap handling arrangements. | Mass excavation or trenching where machine digs all the time in natural bed clay soils. Some traveling and steady, full throttle operation. Most log loading applications. | Continuous trenching or truck loading in rock or shot rock soils. Large amount of travel over rough ground. Machine continuously working on rock floor with constant high load factor and high impact. |
12,000 Hr | 10,000 Hr | 8,000 Hr |
1/Adapted from Caterpillar Performance Handbook, Caterpillar Inc.
ZONE A | ZONE B | ZONE C | |
WHEEL SKIDDERS | Intermittent skidding for short distances, no decking. Good underfoot conditions: level terrain, dry floor, few if any stumps. | Continuous turning, steady skidding for medium distances with moderate decking. Good underfooting: dry floor with few stumps and gradual rolling terrain. | Continuous turning, steady skidding for long distances with frequent decking. Poor underfloor conditions: wet floor, steep slopes and numerous stumps. |
12,000 Hr | 10,000 Hr | 8,000 Hr | |
WHEEL TRACTOR SCRAPERS | Level or favorable hauls on good haul roads. No impact. Easy-loading materials. | Varying loading and haul road conditions. Long and short hauls. Adverse and favorable grades. Some impact. Typical road-building use on a variety of jobs. | High impact condition, such as loading ripped rock. Overloading. Continuous high total resistance conditions. Rough haul roads. |
Small | 12,000 Hr | 10,000 Hr | 8,000 Hr |
Large | 16,000 Hr | 12,000 Hr | 8,000 Hr |
OFF HIGHWAY TRUCKS & TRACTORS | Mine and quarry use with properly matched loading equipment. Well maintained haul roads. Also construction use under above conditions. | Varying loading and haul road conditions. Typical road-building use on a variety of jobs. | Consistently poor haul road conditions. Extreme overloading. Oversized loading equipment. |
25,000 Hr | 20,000 Hr | 15,000 Hr | |
WHEEL TRACTORS & COMPACTORS | Light utility work. Stockpile work. Pulling compactors. Dozing loose fill. No impact. | Production dozing, pushloading in clays, sands, silts, loose gravels. Shovel cleanup. Compactor use. | Production dozing in rock. Pushloading in rocky, bouldering borrow pits. High impact conditions. |
15,000 Hr | 12,000 Hr | 8,000 Hr |
1/Adapted from Caterpillar Performance Handbook, Caterpillar Inc.
ZONE A | ZONE B | ZONE C | |
WHEEL LOADERS | Intermittent truck loading from stockpile, hopper charging on firm, smooth surfaces. Free flowing, low density materials. Utility work in governmental and industrial applications. Light snowplowing. Load and carry on good surface for short distances with no grades. | Continuous truck loading from stockpile. Low to medium density materials in properly sized bucket. Hopper charging in low to medium rolling resistance. Loading from bank in good digging. Load and carry on poor surfaces and slight adverse grades. | Loading shot rock (large loaders). Handling high density materials with counterweighted machine. Steady loading from very tight banks. Continuous work on rough or very soft surfaces. Load and carry in hard digging; travel longer distances on poor surfaces with adverse grades. |
Small | 12,000 Hr | 10,000 Hr | 8,000 Hr |
Large | 15,000 Hr | 12,000 Hr | 10,000 Hr |
TRACK-TYPE LOADERS | Intermittent truck loading from stockpile. Minimum traveling, turning. Free flowing, low density materials with standard bucket. No impact. | Bank excavation, intermittent ripping, basement digging of natural bed clays, sands, silts, gravels. Some traveling. Steady full throttle operation. This Is What You Came For Mp3 Song Download| Songs PK Information Song Name: This Is What You Came For Artist Name: Calvin Harris feat. Youcam perfect for windows 10. | Loading shot rock, cobbles, glacial till, caliche. Steel mill work. High density materials in standard bucket. Continuous work on rock surfaces. Large amount of ripping of tight, rocky materials. High impact condition. |
12,000 Hr | 10,000 Hr | 8,000 Hr |
1/Adapted from Caterpillar Performance Handbook, Caterpillar Inc.
AAI = (P - S) (N + 1)/(2N) + S
Caterpillar Methane Number Calculation Software Download Free
3.5 Operating Costs
Machine | Percentage Rate |
Crawler tractor | 100 |
Agricultural tractor | 100 |
Rubber-tired skidder with cable chokers | 50 |
Rubber-tired skidder with grapple | 60 |
Loader with cable grapple | 30 |
Loader with hydraulic grapple | 50 |
Power saw | 100 |
Feller-buncher | 50 |
Engine | Weight | Fuel Consumption | Load Factor | ||
Low | Med | High | |||
Gasoline | 0.72 | 0.21 | 0.38 | 0.54 | 0.70 |
Diesel | 0.84 | 0.17 | 0.38 | 0.54 | 0.70 |
Q = .0006 × GHP (crankcase oil)
Q = .0003 × GHP (transmission oil)
Q = .0002 × GHP (final drives)
Q = .0001 × GHP (hydraulic controls)
Equipment | Tire Life, hours | ||
Zone A | Zone B | Zone C | |
Motor graders | 8000 | 4500 | 2500 |
Wheel scrapers | 4000 | 2250 | 1000 |
Wheel loaders | 4500 | 2000 | 750 |
Skidders | 5000 | 3000 | 1500 |
Trucks | 5000 | 3000 | 1500 |
3.6 Labor Costs
3.7 Variable Effort Cycles
3.8 Animal Rates
3.9 Examples
Machine: | Description - McCulloch Pro Mac 650 Power Saw | |||
Motor cc | 60 | Delivered Cost | 400 | |
Life in hours | 1000 | Hours per year | 1000 | |
Fuel: | Type | Gas | Price per liter | 0.56 |
Oper: | Rate per day | 5.50 | Social Costs | 43.2% |
Cost Component | Cost/hour | ||
(a) | Depreciation | 0.36 | |
(b) | Interest (@ 10% ) | 0.03 | |
(c) | Insurance (@ 3%) | 0.01 | |
(d) | Taxes | - | |
(e) | Labor | 1.892 | |
where f = social costs of labor as decimal | |||
SUB-TOTAL | 2.29 | ||
(f) | Fuel | = 0.86 l/hr × .95 × CL +0.86 l/hr × .05 × CO) | 0.51 |
where CL = cost of gas, CO = cost of oil | |||
(g) | Lube oil for bar and chain = Fuel cons/2.5 × CO | 0.45 | |
(h) | Servicing and repairs = 1.0 × depreciation | 0.36 | |
(i) | Chain, bar, and sprocket | 0.67 | |
(j) | Other | 0.22 | |
TOTAL | 4.503 |
1 All costs are in US$.
2 Labor based on 240 days per year.
3 Add 0.04 if standby saw is purchased.
Machine: | Description - CAT D-6D PS | |||
Gross hp | 140 | Delivered cost | 142,0002 | |
Life in hrs | 10,000 | Hrs per year | 1,000 | |
Fuel: | Type | Diesel | Price per liter | .44 |
Oper: | Rate per day | 12.00 | Social Costs | 43.2% |
Help: | Rate per day | 5.00 | Social Costs | 43.2% |
Cost Component | Cost/hour | ||
(a) | Depreciation | 12.78 | |
(b) | Interest (@ 10% ) | 8.52 | |
(c) | Insurance (@ 3%) | 2.56 | |
(d) | Taxes (@ 2%) | 1.70 | |
(e) | Labor | 5.843 | |
where f = social costs of labor as decimal | |||
SUB-TOTAL | 31.40 | ||
(f) | Fuel | = .20 × GHP × LF × CL | 6.65 |
where | GHP = gross engine horsepower CL = cost per liter for fuel LF = load factor (.54) | ||
(g) | Oil and grease = 0.10 × fuel cost | 0.67 | |
(h) | Servicing and repairs = 1.0 × depreciation | 12.78 | |
(i) | Other (cable, misc) | 5.00 | |
TOTAL | 56.50 |
1 All costs are in US$.
2 With blade, ROPS, winch, integral arch.
3 Labor based upon 240 days per year.
Description | - Pair of oxen for skidding | |||
Gross hp | - | Delivered cost | 2,000 | |
Life in years | 5 | Days per year | 125 | |
Labor | Rate per day | 7.00 | Social Costs | 43.2% |
Cost Component | Cost/day | ||
(a) | Depreciation | 2.082 | |
(b) | Interest (@ 10%) | 0.96 | |
(c) | Taxes | - | |
(d) | Pasture | 1.10 | |
(e) | Food supplements | 1.36 | |
(f) | Medicine and veterinary services | 0.27 | |
(g) | Driver | 10.023 | |
where f = social costs of labor as decimal | |||
(h) | After-hours feeding and care | 2.62 | |
(i) | Other (harness and chain) | 1.00 | |
TOTAL | 19.41 |
1 All costs are in US$.
2 Oxen sold for meat after 5 years.
3 Driver works with two pair of oxen, 250 day year.
Machine: | Description - Ford 8000 LTN | ||||||
Gross hp | 200 | Delivered cost | 55,000 | ||||
Life in hrs | 15,000 | Hrs per year | 1,500 | ||||
Fuel: | Type | Diesel | Price per liter | .26 | |||
Tires: | Size | 10 × 22 | Type Radial | Number 10 | |||
Labor | Rate per day | 12.00 | Social Costs | 43.2% |
Cost Component | Cost/hour | |||
(a) | Depreciation | 3.12 | ||
(b) | Interest (@ 10%) | 2.20 | ||
(c) | Insurance (@ 3%) | 0.66 | ||
(d) | Taxes (@ 2%) | 0.44 | ||
(e) | Labor | 3.302 | ||
where f = social costs of labor as decimal | ||||
Standing Cost | SUB-TOTAL | 9.72 | ||
(f) | Fuel | = .12 × GHP × CL | 6.24 | |
where CL = cost per liter for fuel | ||||
(g) | Oil and grease = 0.10 × fuel cost | 0.62 | ||
(h) | Servicing and repairs = 1.5 × depreciation | 4.68 | ||
(i) | Tires = | 2.40 | ||
(j) | Other (chains, tighteners) | 0.20 | ||
Traveling Cost | TOTAL | 23.86 |
1 All costs are in US$.
2 Labor is for 240 days plus 20% overtime
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